Montesquieus famous book persian letters

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The Persian letters is a book consisted of letters sent to and from fictional Persian characters.  The two characters that Montesquieu talks about the most is Uzbek and Rica.

These two people set out for Europe, from Persia, in 1711 and remain there till 1721.  These characters were not the first to imagine how European culture might look to travelers.  When Uzbek and Rica get to Europe they misinterpret what they see.  In later letters Uzbek and Rica discover what Europe is like and don't misinterpret what they see anymore.  They find the actions of Europeans incomprehensible.  Interspersed among these letters are the Persians reflections on what they see.

One character shares the same views and preoccupations as montesquieu and that is Uzbek.  They share the same contrast between European and non European, advantages and disadvantages of different systems of government, nature of political authority, proper role of law.  They both agree that the best government is one which attains its purpose with the least trouble.  Uzbek favors religious tolerations and regards attempts to compel religious belief.

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One of Montequieus persian letters
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Another one of Montesquieus persian leters in his book

This is one of the funniest books and one of the bleakest written by a philosopher.  It presents both virtue and self knowledge as almost unattainable.  Most of his characters in the book serve as a mouth piece for Montesquieus own views.